Abstract:
The genus Ctenogobius Gill 1858 has had a confused history due to an inaccurate original description of the type species and lost type specimens. Many species were misassigned to the genus, especially from Asia. The genus was recently diagnosed by a unique combination of characters and restricted to the Atlantic and eastern Pacific regions. Fourteen species are redescribed here and a new species from Brazil is described. A single species, Ctenogobius lepturus occurs in estuaries of the eastern Atlantic Ocean. Two species are known from eastern Pacific Ocean estuaries, C. manglicola and C. sagittula. The remaining 12 species inhabit estuaries, seagrass beds and reefs of the western Atlantic Ocean. The western Atlantic species are C. boleosoma, C. claytoni, C. fasciatus, C. phenacus, C. pseudofasciatus, C. saepepallens, C. shufeldti, C. smaragdus, C. stigmaticus, C. stigmaturus, C. thoropsis and C. apogonus, a new species from Brazil. The genus is a member of the oxudercid Stenogobius Group and is most closely related to the genera Evorthodus, Oligolepis, and Oxyurichthys.
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